Ua lōʻihi ke ola o ka pahu ma muli o nā mea mālama?

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo China Consumer Daily (mea kākau ʻo Li Jian) ​​Wehe i ke poʻi (ʻeke), mākaukau e ʻai, ʻono maikaʻi, a maʻalahi ke mālama. I kēia mau manawa i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka meaʻai hiki ke loaʻa i ka papa inoa o nā ʻohana. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi micro online hou o nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o 200 e kahi mea hoʻolaha mai Kina Consumer News ma muli o ka hopohopo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai, pono e loaʻa i nā preservatives he nui i hoʻohui ʻia, a nalowale ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā poʻe he ākea. ʻike ʻia i ka meaʻai hiki. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka "Favorability". Akā, ua kūpono maoli kēia mau kānalua? E hoʻolohe i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe akamai i ka ʻepekema meaʻai.

Nā kini palupalu, ua lohe anei ʻoe?

I ke au o ka li'ili'i o nā mea waiwai, ho'ohana 'ia ka 'ai hiki ke 'ano 'oko'a i piha i ka "luxury". I loko o nā hoʻomanaʻo he nui o nā makahiki post-70s a me post-80s, ʻo ka meaʻai hiki ke ʻai i ka meaʻai meaʻai hiki ke ʻai wale ʻia i ka wā ʻahaʻaina a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi.

ʻO ka ʻai hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka papa ʻaina monotonous o nā kānaka maʻamau. Aneane hiki ke hiki i na mea'ai a pau ke hiki ke hiki ke hiki ke hiki ke hiki i ke kini. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ke koho ʻana i nā meaʻai canned, hiki ke hoʻohauʻoli i ka poʻe i ka waiwai o kahi ʻahaʻaina Manchurian piha.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻo kou ʻike ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā iʻa a me nā ʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kini tin a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōmole aniani, ʻaʻole paha ia i "kahiko".

ʻO ka "National Food Safety Standard for Canned Food" ke wehewehe pono nei i ka meaʻai canned ma ke ʻano he meaʻai kūʻai ʻole maʻamau i hana ʻia mai nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai hiki ke ʻai, nā holoholona a me nā ʻiʻo moa, nā holoholona wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, canning, sila ʻana. sterilization wela a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka meaʻai pā me ka bacteria.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Associate Professor Wu Xiaomeng mai ke Kula o Food Science a me Nutritional Engineering o Kina Agricultural University ma kahi ninaninau me kahi mea kākau moʻolelo mai Kina Consumer News e hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ke ʻano o ka meaʻai canned, a ʻo ka lua e hoʻokō i ka sterility pāʻoihana. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu e hoʻohana ai ʻo ia ke ʻeke paʻa paʻa i hōʻike ʻia e nā kini metala kahiko a i ʻole nā ​​kini aniani, a i ʻole ka ʻeke maʻalahi e like me nā ʻeke alumini alumini a me nā ʻeke kuke wela kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia nā meaʻai hiki ke paʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻeke ʻeke meaʻai i loko o nā ʻeke ʻeke alumini i loko o nā meaʻai hoʻomehana ponoʻī, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeke kuke wela maʻamau i hana mua ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana puaʻa ʻono Sichuan a me nā ʻāpana puaʻa ʻono iʻa, aia nā mea āpau i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai hiki.

Ma kahi o 2000, ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻoihana mua loa i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, ua kapa ʻia ka meaʻai hiki i ke ʻano he "maikaʻi ʻole".

I ka makahiki 2003, ua manaʻo nui ʻia kahi papa inoa o ka "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (ka meaʻai canned) ʻo ia ka fuse no ke anuanu o nā meaʻai hiki i ka poʻe. ʻOiai ua hoʻopunipuni piha ʻia kēia papa inoa, ʻo ka meaʻai hiki, ʻoi aku ka "meaʻai paʻa paʻa" (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu metala a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha aniani), he mea paʻakikī ke wehe i ka ʻōlelo huna a ka poʻe Kina.

Hōʻike nā ʻikepili, ʻoiai ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka meaʻai hiki i koʻu ʻāina ke kūlana mua ma ka honua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ma mua o 8 kilokani, a nui ka poʻe e ʻai ana ma lalo o ʻelua pahu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki ke like me ka ʻai ʻana i nā preservatives? Hōʻike kēia micro-survey he 69.68% o ka poʻe pane e kūʻai kakaʻikaʻi i ka meaʻai hiki, a ʻo 21.72% o nā mea pane e kūʻai i kekahi manawa. Ma ka manawa like, ʻoiai he 57.92% o ka poʻe pane e manaʻoʻiʻo nei he maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki a kūpono i ka mālama ʻana ma ka home, 32.58% o ka poʻe pane e manaʻoʻiʻo nei he lōʻihi ke ola o ka meaʻai canned a he nui nā mea mālama.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka meaʻai hiki ke ʻai ʻia kekahi o nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi e koi ʻole a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā preservatives.

ʻO ka "National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka bayberry canned (ʻae ʻia ka propionic acid a me kāna sodium a me nā paʻakai calcium e hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 50 g / kg), nā ʻōpala ʻohe canned, sauerkraut, edible fungi a me nā nati (ʻae ʻia e hoʻohui i ka Sulfur dioxide, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 0.5 g/kg), ka ʻiʻo canned (ʻae ʻia ka nitrite, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 0.15 g/kg), pono nui kēia mau ʻano meaʻai canned. nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā preservatives e hana i nā microorganism kikoʻī, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ke koena. mea mālama.

No laila, he aha ka "makahiki maloʻo" o ka meaʻai hiki ke mālama pinepine ʻia no 1 a 3 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha i ka mahana wela?

Ua haʻi ʻo Wu Xiaomeng i ka mea kākau moʻolelo "China Consumer News" ʻo ka meaʻai hiki ke pale ʻia e nā ʻano ʻelua o ka ʻenehana sterilization a me ka mālama ʻana i ka sila. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pōʻino o ka meaʻai e nā microorganisms e like me ka bacteria a me nā mold. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o kēia mau microorganism e like me ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka exhaust and sealing hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka pollution meaʻai. ʻO ka maʻiʻo oxygen i loko o ka pahu stagnates ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau microorganisms i loko o ka ipu, a poloka i ka hele ʻana o ka oxygen a i ʻole nā ​​microorganisms ma waho o ka ipu i loko o ka ipu, e hōʻoia ana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻoponopono meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka sterilization lewa a me ka sterilization microwave.

No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hopohopo no ka nui o nā preservatives i nā huahana canned. ʻO ka "ʻepekema kaulana" ma ka Pūnaewele "ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai canned e like me ka ʻai ʻana i nā preservatives" he mea weliweli loa.

ʻAʻohe meaʻai hiki ke ʻai a ʻai?

Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana ma waho o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā preservatives, 24.43% o ka poʻe pane i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai hiki. Ma waena o ka 150 o ka poʻe pane i "kakaʻikahi ke kūʻai" a "ʻaʻole kūʻai" i ka meaʻai hiki, 77.62% o ka poʻe pane e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai hiki.

ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku e noʻonoʻo i ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki ke maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka home, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe i kona "staleness".

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻenehana hoʻoponopono canned ponoʻī e mālama i ka meaʻai.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Wu Xiaomeng e hoʻopau koke ka meaʻai e like me ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa inā ʻaʻole e hana ʻia i ka manawa. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai i ka manawa ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻia ʻana, e hoʻomau ʻia ka nalowale o nā meaʻai. No laila, koho maʻamau kekahi mau hōʻailona me kahi kaulahao lako piha i ka wā oʻo me ka hana nui o nā meaʻai a hana hou iā lākou, a ʻo ke koho ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana ʻana ma lalo o 10 mau hola. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nalowale o nā meaʻai ma mua o ke ala e lawe ai i nā meaʻai hou mai ka ʻohi ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ke kūʻai aku, a laila i ka friji o ka mea kūʻai.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, pau ka wela o kekahi mau huaora me ka hoʻomanawanui haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ke kanu ʻana, akā mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kēia poho ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o nā meaʻai mai nā mea kanu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka home i kēlā me kēia lā.

I kekahi manawa, pono paha nā meaʻai hiki ke mālama i ka huaora. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā tōmato hiki, ʻoiai ua sterilized, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano huaora C aia nō i laila ke haʻalele lākou i ka hale hana, a paʻa lākou. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo ia ka iʻa hiki. Ma hope o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe sterilization, ʻaʻole wale ka palupalu o ka ʻiʻo a me nā iwi o ka iʻa, akā ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o ka calcium. ʻO ka nui o ka calcium o ka pahu iʻa hiki ke piʻi aʻe he 10 mau manawa ma mua o ka iʻa hou o ke kaumaha like. ʻAʻole e nalowale ka hao, zinc, iodine, selenium a me nā minela ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa.

No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai ke “momona” i ka meaʻai hiki

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku e hele i nā hale kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā ​​hale kūʻai nui e kūʻai i nā huahana mai nā mea hana maʻamau, a hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai canned mai nā ʻano o ke ʻano, ka pāpaʻi, ka maikaʻi sensory, ka lepili, a me ka hōʻailona.

Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Wu Xiaomeng i nā kini o nā kini metala maʻamau e loaʻa i ke ʻano piha, ʻaʻohe deformation, ʻaʻohe pōʻino, ʻaʻohe wahi ʻōpala, a ʻo ka uhi lalo e concave i loko; pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki ke kikowaena o ka uhi metala o nā kini ʻōmole aniani, a nānā ʻia nā mea i loko o ke kino o ka ʻōmole. Pono ke ʻano o ke ʻano, maopopo ka sopa, ʻaʻohe mea haumia.

ʻO kahi hoʻomanaʻo kūikawā inā e hālāwai ʻoe i kēia mau kūlana, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻowalewale i nā mea i loko o ke kini, mai ʻai ʻoe.

Hoʻokahi ka canned "momona hoʻolohe", ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pahu hoʻonui. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kini, ʻo ia ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o loko o ke kini e nā microorganism a hoʻohua i ke kinoea. ʻO kēia mau kinoea e hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka deformation o ke kini. No laila, ʻo ka meaʻai hiki ke "loaʻa ke kaumaha", he hae ʻulaʻula maopopo loa ua hele hewa.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka wahī ʻana a me ka poʻo ka pahu kī. I ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana canned, ma muli o nā puʻupuʻu a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e deformed ka ʻeke huahana, a lele ka ea ma ke sila o ka uhi hiki. ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka ea ka mea e hoʻopili ai nā huahana i loko o ke kini me ka honua o waho, a hiki i nā microorganism ke hoʻohana i ka manawa kūpono e komo ai.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana he 93.21% o ka poʻe pane i ke koho kūpono no kēia. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o 7% o ka poʻe pane i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole pilikia nui nā puʻupuʻu i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, a ua koho lākou e kūʻai a ʻai.

Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Wu Xiaomeng ʻaʻole kaumaha loa ka hapa nui o nā ʻiʻo a me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai iā lākou i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma hope o ka wehe ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau, pono ʻoe e ninini iā ​​ia i loko o ka enamel, ceramic a i ʻole ipu meaʻai, e hoʻopaʻa iā ia me ka ʻili iʻa, e waiho i loko o ka friji, a ʻai koke i ka hiki.

ʻO ka ʻai kōpaʻa canned a me ka jam, ʻo ka nui o ke kō ma ke ʻano he 40%-65%. ʻO ka pili ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka deteriorate ma hope o ka wehe ʻana, akā ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, pono ʻoe e uhi i ka hue, a i ʻole e ninini ʻia i loko o kahi pahu ʻē aʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻili ʻili, a laila waiho i loko o ka friji, a hoʻāʻo e ʻai i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā. I ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke mālama ʻia no kekahi mau lā.

Nā loulou pili: Commercial Aseptic

ʻAʻole maʻemaʻe loa nā meaʻai hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, akā maʻemaʻe ma ke kālepa. ʻO ka sterility pāʻoihana e pili ana i ka moku'āina i loaʻa i ka meaʻai canned, ma hope o ka sterilization wela haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole i loko o nā microorganism pathogenic, ʻaʻole hoʻi i loko o nā microorganisms non-pathogenic hiki ke hoʻonui i loko o ia mea i nā mahana maʻamau. Ma kahi kūlana aseptic pāʻoihana, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka meaʻai hiki ke palekana no ka ʻai ʻana.