Ua hōʻike ʻo China Consumer Daily (ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Li Jian) E wehe i ke poʻi (ʻeke), ua mākaukau e ʻai, ʻono maikaʻi, a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama. I nā manawa i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu i mea pono e loaʻa i nā papa inoa waihona o nā ʻohana he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi liʻiliʻi pūnaewele hou o nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o 200 e kahi mea kākau moʻolelo mai China Consumer News ma muli o nā hopohopo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o nā mea mālama, a nalowale ka nui o ka meaʻai, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe kahi ʻike piha o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka "makemake". Akā, ua kūpono anei kēia mau kānalua? E hoʻolohe i ka ʻōlelo a nā loea i ka ʻepekema meaʻai.
Nā kini palupalu, ua lohe anei ʻoe i ia mea?
I ke au o ka nele o nā mea hana, ʻo ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu he ʻono ʻokoʻa piha i ka "hoʻohiwahiwa". I nā hoʻomanaʻo he nui o nā makahiki ma hope o nā makahiki 70 a me 80, ʻo ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu he huahana meaʻai hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka wā o nā ʻahaʻaina a i ʻole nā maʻi.
He mea ʻono ka meaʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ipu hao ma ka papa ʻaina luhi o nā kānaka maʻamau i ka wā ma mua. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ipu hao i aneane nā meaʻai a pau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ke koho ʻana o nā meaʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ipu hao, kahi e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke manaʻo i ka momona o kahi ʻahaʻaina Manchurian piha.
Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻo kou manaʻo no ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu e like me nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā kini kini a i ʻole nā ʻōmole aniani, he mea "kahiko" paha ia.
Ua wehewehe pono ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka "National Food Safety Standard for Canned Food" ma ke ʻano he meaʻai maʻamau ʻole i hana ʻia mai nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā fungi hiki ke ʻai ʻia, nā holoholona a me nā moa, nā holoholona wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia ma o ka mālama mua ʻana, ka canning, ke sila ʻana, ka sterilization wela a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. Meaʻai i loko o ka pahu me nā bacteria.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Polopeka Hui Wu Xiaomeng mai ke Kula ʻEpekema Meaʻai a me ka ʻenekinia meaʻai o ke Kulanui Mahiʻai o Kina i loko o kahi ninaninau me kahi mea kākau moʻolelo mai China Consumer News ʻo ke ʻano o ka meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka sila mua ʻana, a ʻo ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka sterility kalepa. Hiki i ka ʻōpala āna e hoʻohana ai ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala paʻa i hōʻike ʻia e nā kini metala kuʻuna a i ʻole nā kini aniani, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala maʻalahi e like me nā ʻeke pepa alumini a me nā ʻeke kuke wela kiʻekiʻe, i kapa pinepine ʻia he mau meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻeke mea kanu i loko o nā ʻeke pepa alumini i nā meaʻai hoʻomehana ponoʻī like ʻole, a i ʻole nā ʻeke kuke mahana maʻamau i hana mua ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana puaʻa ʻono Sichuan a me nā ʻoki puaʻa ʻono iʻa, no loko o ka māhele meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ma kahi o 2000, ma ke ʻano he māhele ʻoihana mua loa i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, ua kapa mālie ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu he "maikaʻi ʻole".
I ka makahiki 2003, ua manaʻo nui ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā "Top Ten Junk Foods i paʻi ʻia e WHO" (ua helu ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu) ʻo ia ke kumu o ke anu o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu i loko o nā kānaka. ʻOiai ua hoʻopunipuni piha ʻia kēia papa inoa, ʻo ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, ʻoiai ka "meaʻai paʻakikī i loko o ka pahu" kuʻuna (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ipu hao a aniani paha), me he mea lā he paʻakikī ke wehe i ka ʻōlelo huna a ka poʻe Kina.
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili ʻoiai ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai i loko o koʻu ʻāina ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka meaʻai i loko o ia mea he emi ma mua o 8 kilokani, a he nui ka poʻe e ʻai ana ma lalo o ʻelua pahu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua like ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea hoʻomalu? Ua hōʻike kēia noiʻi liʻiliʻi he 69.68% o ka poʻe pane i kūʻai pinepine ʻole i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, a he 21.72% o ka poʻe pane e kūʻai wale aku ia mea i kekahi manawa. I ka manawa like, ʻoiai he 57.92% o ka poʻe pane e manaʻoʻiʻo ana he maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu a kūpono hoʻi no ka mālama ʻana ma ka home, 32.58% o ka poʻe pane e manaʻoʻiʻo mau ana he lōʻihi ke ola o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu a pono e loaʻa i nā mea hoʻomalu he nui loa.
ʻO ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu kini kekahi o nā meaʻai kakaikahi e pono ʻole ai a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea mālama.
ʻO ke "National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" e ʻōlelo ana ma waho aʻe o ka bayberry i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waikawa propionic a me kona sodium a me nā paʻakai calcium, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 50 g/kg), nā ʻōpuʻu ʻohe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, sauerkraut, nā fungi a me nā nati ʻai ʻia (ʻae ʻia e hoʻohui i ka Sulfur dioxide, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 0.5 g/kg), ka ʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ʻae ʻia ka nitrite, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 0.15 g/kg), pono kēia mau ʻano meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 6 mau lāʻau haʻahaʻa loa o nā mea mālama e hana me nā microorganism kikoʻī, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ke koena. mea mālama.
No laila, he aha ka "makahiki hau" o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu i mālama pinepine ʻia no 1 a 3 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha ma ka mahana o ka lumi?
Ua haʻi aku ʻo Wu Xiaomeng i ka mea kākau moʻolelo "China Consumer News" ua pale ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu e ʻelua mau ʻano o ka ʻenehana sterilization a me ka mālama paʻa. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka palaho o ka meaʻai e nā microorganism e like me ka bacteria a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu ma o nā ʻano sterilization e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe hiki ke make i ka nui o kēia mau microorganism. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ke sila ʻana ke hōʻemi nui i ka haumia o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ka pahu e hoʻopaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau microorganism hiki i loko o ka pahu, a ālai i ke hele ʻana o ka oxygen a i ʻole nā microorganism ma waho o ka pahu i loko o ka pahu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa hoʻomehana o nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka sterilization lewa i kāohi ʻia a me ka sterilization microwave, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka sterilization.
No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hopohopo e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea mālama i loko o nā huahana i hoʻokomo ʻia. ʻO ka "ʻepekema kaulana" ma ka Pūnaewele e "ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia ua like ia me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea mālama" he mea hopohopo loa ia.
He pala a momona anei ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu?
Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke anamanaʻo, ma waho aʻe o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā mea hoʻomalu, 24.43% o ka poʻe i pane mai i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu. Ma waena o nā mea pane mai he 150 a ʻoi aku i "kūʻai pinepine ʻole" a "ʻaʻole loa e kūʻai" i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, 77.62% o ka poʻe i pane mai i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole hou ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu.
ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka kekahi poʻe kūʻai e noʻonoʻo e koho i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu i maʻalahi ke mālama ʻia ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi ahulau a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma ka home, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe no kona "pale".
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻenehana hana i loko o ka pahu ponoʻī ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka hou.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Wu Xiaomeng e pala koke ka meaʻai e like me ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia i ka manawa kūpono. Inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai i ka manawa kūpono ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, e nalowale mau ana nā meaola. No laila, ʻo kekahi mau lama me kahi kaulahao lako piha e koho pinepine i ka wā oʻo me ka hana nui loa o nā mea hoʻohui a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea hou, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana koho a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea āpau he emi iho ma mua o 10 mau hola. ʻAʻohe mea i nalowale i nā meaola ma mua o ke ala e hele ai nā mea hou mai ka ʻohi ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ke kūʻai aku, a laila i ka pahu hau o ka mea kūʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, nalowale kekahi mau wikamina me ka hoʻomanawanui haʻahaʻa i ka wela i ka wā o ka canning, akā mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā meaola. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kēia pohō ma mua o ka nalowale ʻana o nā meaola mai nā mea kanu i kuke ʻia ma ka home i kēlā me kēia lā.
I kekahi manawa, he mea maikaʻi paha nā meaʻai i loko o nā kini no ka mālama ʻana i nā huaora. No ka laʻana, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā tōmato i loko o nā kini, aia nō ka hapa nui o ka huaora C i loko o lākou ke haʻalele lākou i ka hale hana, a ua paʻa loa lākou. ʻO kekahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka iʻa i loko o nā kini. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole wale ka palupalu o ka ʻiʻo a me nā iwi o ka iʻa, akā ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o ka calcium. Hiki i ka nui o ka calcium o kahi pahu iʻa i loko o nā kini ke 10 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka iʻa hou o ke kaumaha like. ʻAʻole e nalowale ka hao, ka zinc, ka iodine, ka selenium a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe i loko o ka iʻa.
No ke aha hiki ʻole ke "momona" i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hele nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hale kūʻai kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā supermarkets e kūʻai i nā huahana mai nā mea hana maʻamau, a hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu mai nā ʻano o ke ʻano, ka ʻōpala, ka maikaʻi o ka sensory, ka lepili, a me ka hōʻailona.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Wu Xiaomeng e pono i nā kini o nā kini metala maʻamau ke loaʻa ke ʻano piha, ʻaʻohe deformation, ʻaʻohe pohō, ʻaʻohe kiko popo, a pono e concave i loko ka uhi lalo; pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki ʻia ke kikowaena o ka uhi metala o nā kini ʻōmole aniani, a pono e nānā ʻia nā mea o loko ma o ke kino o ka ʻōmole. Pono e piha ke ʻano, ua moakāka ka sopa, a ʻaʻohe haumia.
ʻO kahi hoʻomanaʻo kūikawā, inā ʻoe e hālāwai me nā kūlana ma lalo nei, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻowalewale i nā mea o loko o ka kini, mai ʻai ʻoe.
ʻO kekahi, ʻo ia ka "hoʻolohe momona" o ka pahu i loko o ka pahu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pahu hoʻonui. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pahu, ʻo ia ka haumia o loko o ka pahu e nā microorganism a hoʻopuka i ke kinoea. Hōʻiliʻili kēia mau kinoea i kahi nui, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kinoea. No laila, ke "piʻi nei ke kaumaha" o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, he hae ʻulaʻula maopopo loa ua hewa.
ʻO ka lua, ua liki a ʻōpala ka ʻōpala kini. I ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana kini, ma muli o nā puʻupuʻu a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala huahana, a e liki ka ea ma ke sila o ke poʻi o ka kini. ʻO ka liki ʻana o ka ea ke kumu o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā huahana i loko o ka kini me ke ao waho, a hiki i nā microorganism ke hoʻohana i ka manawa kūpono e komo ai.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke anamanaʻo he 93.21% o ka poʻe i pane mai i ke koho kūpono no kēia. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o 7% o ka poʻe i pane mai i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole he pilikia nui nā puʻupuʻu i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, a ua koho lākou e kūʻai a ʻai.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Wu Xiaomeng ʻaʻole kaumaha loa ka hapa nui o nā ʻiʻo i loko o ka pahu a me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa ma hope o ka wehe ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau, pono ʻoe e ninini i loko o kahi pahu meaʻai enamel, seramika a i ʻole plastik, e sila iā ia me ka ʻōwili plastik, e mālama i loko o ka pahu hau, a e ʻai koke.
No ke kōpaʻa i loko o ka pahu a me ka jam, ʻo ka nui o ke kō maʻamau he 40%-65%. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka palaho ma hope o ka wehe ʻana, akā ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, pono ʻoe e uhi i ka ʻōmole, a ninini paha i loko o kahi pahu ʻē aʻe a sila iā ia me ka ʻōwili plastik, a laila e mālama i loko o ka friji, a hoʻāʻo e ʻai i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā. I ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke mālama ʻia no kekahi mau lā hou aʻe.
Nā Loulou Pili: Aseptic Kalepa
ʻAʻole sterile loa nā meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, akā, sterile nō ia no ke kālepa ʻana. ʻO ke sterility kālepa e pili ana i ke kūlana kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā microorganism pathogenic i loko o ka meaʻai i loko o ka pahu, ma hope o ka sterilization wela kūpono, ʻaʻole hoʻi i loko o nā microorganisms non-pathogenic e hiki ke hoʻonui i loko o ia mea i nā mahana maʻamau. I ke kūlana aseptic kālepa, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka palekana o ka meaʻai i loko no ka ʻai ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-04-2023